Human existence is connected with awareness not only of life, but also of death. The attitude towards it is usually not cheerful and logical. Moreover, the fear of death (our own and that of our loved ones and communities) is one of the factors that cloud our self-esteem. This monograph aims to cover as comprehensively as possible a fundamental (and eternal) philosophical and existential-psychological problem. The author hopes that the study will open up perspectives for a more adequate understanding of death and immortality, rising above traditional prejudices, through the unified application of logical and psychological approaches. The first volume introduces the topic, clarifies its general worldview significance, analyzes it in the system of basic spiritual priorities, and, above all, in relation to the overall meaning of life. Along with the psychological aspects of the problem, its ethnographic-mythological, philosophical, private scientific, empirical, and theoretical aspects are also examined. Special attention is paid to the materialistic, agnostic, and actualistic paradigms, as well as to memory continuity—immortality "back in time." The book offers answers to fundamental questions that excite all those who are not indifferent to the problems of human and cosmic existence.