Macedonia’s fate after the Berlin congress – to remain as a province within the Ottoman empire, with all the negative consequences, predetermine. The crucial role that the Exarchate has on the lives of the Bulgarian population in the region. It is and official and recognized institution, which represents and protects the rights of the Bulgarian nationality in the European vilayets of the empire. Even though the issues regarding the Exarchate have seen an increase of interest in recent years, there are still issues that have not been researched. The Exarchate and its local institutions are left in the periphery of historical research, which in it self is stimulus for my academic interest on the subject. The current monograph is an effort to draw out a clear look at the state and activity of the Exarchate and its institutions in Macedonia as well as it’s relationship with the leading political factors in the Ottoman Empire in the period 1903 – 1912. The aim is to follow and analyze the Exarchate’s reactions towards the important events and issues of the decade. How the Bulgarian church and it’s local bodies handle the challenges, what action do they take, to further their mission in defense of the Bulgarian cause in the European vilayets of the empire.