The book presents and analyzes the main findings of an empirical sociological study conducted in 2007 by a team of researchers from the Institute of Sociology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The study is representative of the Bulgarian population aged 18 and older. It includes 1,000 respondents, and the data was collected using the standardized interview method. Several months later, some of the questions were repeated in a study by the National Center for Public Opinion Research, also among 1,000 respondents. Both surveys were conducted using the same methodology, and the data from them reveal Bulgarian citizens’ attitudes toward science and its contributions to the development of society.