The author focuses on the following issues: the challenges of charting a path toward economic progress; the transition from a dogmatic-administrative to a commodity-money-oriented economy; the market mechanism and state regulation; the policy of openness and the expansion of the market mechanism; China’s economic rise; and the new social face of Chinese society. The author’s aim is to demonstrate not only the fundamentally new nature of the emerging system of economic relations but also the results achieved in the development of the national economy. It is convincingly demonstrated that China is now becoming the most prosperous country in the world, with the highest rates of economic growth and enormous interest from foreign investors in its economy. The book will be of interest not only to the specialized academic community but also to broad segments of the Bulgarian population, offering insights into a country with an ancient culture and unique characteristics, as well as the Chinese people’s ambition to transform their homeland into one of the world’s most economically powerful nations.