The aim of this study is to investigate the neurophysiological basis of gender differences in the processing of sensory, sensorimotor, and cognitive information. This was achieved by applying methods for objective assessment of information processing in the brain based on recording and analysis of bioelectrical brain activity: electroencephalogram (EEG), event-related potentials (ERP), and event-related oscillations (ERO). The following tasks were formulated: 1) to determine the functional specificity of gender differences in sensorimotor processes, memory, and attention, and 2) to track the age dynamics of gender differences in the course of development.