Advances in technology and the development of laparoscopic surgery have led to the solution of many problems related to hiatal diaphragmatic hernias and gastroesophageal reflux disease, but the indications and timing for surgical treatment depending on the type of hernia, the patient's condition, potential risks from the operative intervention or from its postponement in time. Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly becoming the gold standard of treatment, but the method of fundoplication is controversial depending on the type, size and duration of the hernia, the patient's condition and last but not least - the experience and preferences of the surgeon. The indications for placement of prosthetic material to ensure crurography are debatable, which, on the one hand, makes the intervention more reliable, but on the other hand, makes it extremely difficult. reoperation in relapse. The monograph examines the Bulgarian and world experience on the problem. The author's practice is also presented, using his drawings and photographs from his operational activities. The book is intended for surgeons, gastroenterologists, endoscopists, general practitioners, as well as medical students and specialists in surgery.