This study is a dissertation defended in 2016 at the National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences on the topic of "Early Neolithic Culture in the Struma Valley and Sofia Plain in the Context of its Connections with Anatolia." The main text includes an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography, and a summary in English. The first chapter presents studies of the Early Neolithic in the Struma River Valley and the Sofia Plain, while the second chapter covers the periodization, cultural differentiation, and absolute chronology of this period in the region. The third chapter is devoted to the presentation of the Early Neolithic culture in the area under consideration and a comparative analysis with data from synchronous settlements in Central Western and Southwestern Anatolia. The last chapter is the synthetic part of the study and examines the emergence and development of the Early Neolithic in the Struma River valley and the Sofia Plain in the context of its connections with Anatolia.