“Punishment of a Crime” is a book in which the author aims to construct a theoretical model of the sanctions system of Bulgarian criminal law. The equality of all citizens before the law is a fundamental principle of the modern world, which underpins the idea of the rule of law and supremacy of law. In the Republic of Bulgaria that principle has been expressly embedded in Art. 6 of the Constitution. In the field of criminal law it is closely related to the principle of justice. Justice is the foundation, a generalizing, all-pervading principle without which criminal law becomes meaningless, void of content and practically useless. The equality of citizens and justice, which are inextricably linked, is at the basis of the process of punishing for a crime.